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Objective:To explore the influence of maternal attachment and alexithymia on risk of non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents.Methods:Fifty-seven outpatients and inpatients from Anhui Mental Health Center with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and their mothers were involved as the case group, and fifty-three age-, gender-, and education-matched adolescents and their mothers as the normal controls.They were assessed with the experience in close relationship inventory(ECR), the 20-item Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS-20) and the adolescents self-harm scale.SPSS 22.0 software was used for correlation analysis and Logistic regression analysis.Results:There were significant differences in attachment avoidance ((3.7±0.6), (3.0±0.6)), attachment anxiety ((4.0±0.7), (3.1±0.9)), difficulty identifying feelings ((2.9±0.7), (2.3±0.7)), difficulty describing feelings((3.0±0.6), (2.4±0.5)) and alexithymia ((57.2±8.3), (49.5±9.5))between the two mother groups ( t=6.53, 5.79, 4.01, 5.50, 4.56, all P<0.05). NSSI of adolescents was positively correlated with the scores of attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, alexithymia, difficulty identifying feelings, difficulty describing feelings( r=0.487, 0.532, 0.401, 0.360, 0.468, all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that unsafe maternal attachment( B=2.57, OR=3.07, 95% CI=1.01-169.54, P=0.024)and the higher alexithymia level( B=1.95, OR=2.14, 95% CI=1.29-3.58, P=0.003)could lead to higher risk of NSSI in adolescents. Conclusion:Unsafe maternal attachment and the higher alexithymia level may be the risk factors for adolescents with NSSI.
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Objective To explore relationship of psychotic symptoms with childhood abuse and psy-chological resilience in patients with depression. Methods According to whether the psychotic symptoms ex-ist,160 patients with depression were divided into psychotic major depression (PMD group,n=80) and non-psychotic major depression (NMD group,n=80). All patients were assessed with general information ques-tionnaire,the childhood trauma questionnaire(CTQ) and the Conner-Davidson resilience scale( CD-RISC). Using logistic regression analysis to explore the influencing factors of psychiatric symptoms in depressive pa-tients. Results There were significant differences in the emotional abuse (( 17. 80 ± 2. 78), ( 10. 14 ± 1. 46)),the physical abuse ((16. 98±3. 21),(8. 31±1. 24)),the sexual abuse ((8. 74±1. 87),(7. 85± 1. 71)),the emotional neglect (( 21. 46 ± 1. 95), ( 15. 71 ± 2. 12)) and total score of childhood abuse ((81. 98±9. 88),(54. 10±4. 36)) between the two group (F=68. 88,70. 91,2. 91,45. 93,77. 28,all P<0. 01). There were significant differences in the resilience (F=4. 47,P<0. 01),the power ( F=5. 59,P<0. 01),the optimism (F=2. 35,P=0. 033) and total score of psychological resilience ( F=7. 23,P<0. 01) between the two group. Logistic regression analysis showed that attack in early age( B=2. 57,P=0. 024,OR (95%CI)=13. 07(1. 01-169. 54)) was a risk factor for psychotic symptoms in patients with depression. No experience of childhood abuse (B=-1. 95,P=0. 003,OR( 95% CI)= 0. 14(0. 04-0. 52)),the higher psy-chological resilience level(B=-2. 54,P<0. 01,OR(95%CI)=0. 08(0. 02-0. 27)),mild to moderate depres-sion (B=-1. 33,P=0. 013,OR(95%CI)=0. 27(0. 09-0. 76))were protective factors of psychotic symptoms in patients with depression. Conclusion Psychological resilience may be the protective factor for psychotic symptoms in patients with depression while childhood abuse may be a risk factor.
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Objective To explore the characteristics of attachment and the effects of childhood trauma,emotional autonomy and parental rearing style of anxiety disorders.Methods 38 outpatients and hospital patients in Anhui Mental Health Center with anxiety were recruited as the study group,and 39 age-,gender-,and educationmatched adult college students or medical staff were screened as the control group.The study group and control group were assessed with adult attachment questionnaire3.1 (AAQ3.1),parental bonding instrument (PBI),childhood trauma questionnaire 28item short form (CTQ-SF) and emotional autonomy scale (EAS).Results ①Higher levels of insecure adult attachment (84.2％) were reported in the anxiety disorders group compared with the normal controls(10.3％),and the attachment type of two groups had statistical significance(x2 =42.28,P＜0.01).② The attachment of anxiety disorders,emotional autonomy,childhood trauma and the way of parenting was related to different degree.Attachment,childhood trauma and parenting were significantly increased in the anxiety disorders group compared with the normal controls(P＜0.05).The mother attachment factors were significantly correlated with individualized (r=0.405,P＜0.405),mother love (r=0.358,P＜0.358),mother control (r=0.467,P＜0.467),father control (r=0.460,P＜0.01),emotional abuse (r=0.473,P＜0.473) and sexual abuse (r=0.494,P＜0.01).The father attachment factors were significantly correlated with individualized (r=0.520,P＜0.01),emotional abuse (r=0.339,P＜0.339) and sexual abuse (r=0.378,P＜0.05).And individualized,mother love,parental control,emotional and physical abuse could be employed to predict attachment factor.Conclusion The attachment pattern is insecure in the anxiety disorders.Emotional autonomy,childhood trauma and parenting have a significant influence on attachment patterns of anxiety disorders.
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ObjectiveTo explore the relationship among the aggressive behavior,hostile attribution bias and childhood trauma in schizophrenic patients.Methods 135 schizophrenic patients were tested with Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS),the Chinese-version of the Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire (AIHQ-C) and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ).According to the score of the MOAS,the patients were divided into the aggressive group ( n =58 ) and the non-aggressive group ( n =77 ).The hostile attribution bias and the childhood trauma were compared between the two groups,and correlation and hierarchical regression analysis were used to investigate the relationships of the variables.ResultsCompared with the non-aggressive patients,the aggressive patients had significantly higher AIHQ-C total hostility bias score (6.27 ± 1.20 vs 5.90 ± 0.97,P ＜0.05 ),total blame bias score (8.04 ± 1.97 vs 6.91 ± 2.10,P ＜ 0.01 ) and total aggression bias score ( 6.17 ±1.02 vs 5.59 ± 1.04,P ＜ 0.01 ).Correlation analysis showed that the MOAS score,AIHQ scores and the total score of CTQ were significantly positively correlated with each other ( r =0.171 ～ 0.350,P ＜ 0.05 ～0.01 ).Regression analysis indicated the hostile attribution bias directly predicted the aggressive behavior( β =0.342,P ＜0.05) and completely mediated the relationship between the childhood trauma and the aggressive behavior.ConclusionThe aggressive behavior in schizophrenic patients is associated with the experience of childhood trauma and the attribution style.The childhood trauma indirectly influences the aggressive behavior by the mediating of the hostile attribution bias.